tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59565634838490531152012-01-30T11:48:13.810+05:00Free Reports, Assignments, Presentations, MBA Reports, BBA Reports, Business Reports, Annual ReportsGet Doxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04598215093951008597noreply@blogger.comBlogger4161100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-58175409445583905182011-11-03T12:16:00.001+05:002011-11-03T12:25:57.875+05:00

MESSAGE OF THE CHAIRMAN It gives me immense pleasure to describe the background of Mahmood Group of Industries. In 1935, a tannery in the name of Khawaja Tannery was set up in Multan by my father (late Khawaja Muzaffar Mahmood). He had vast experience in this field and was virtually a pioneer of this industry in Pakistan . The Company was incorporated in 1961, as a private limited company.

Get Doxhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04598215093951008597noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-76119820721433240192011-10-18T10:39:00.001+05:002011-10-18T10:39:27.572+05:00

The function of commercial banking and application of the fundamental principles of the depositor bank relationship have remained essentially the same since about 500 B.C. Bank operation methods and procedures, on the other hand, have undergone a constant process of evolution because of economic growth, the mounting volume of transactions and greater use of banking facilities. As a result of

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-78519516355964946102011-10-18T10:26:00.001+05:002011-10-18T10:38:05.090+05:00

Project proposal Basic manufacturing raw material is still little although some of the MNC’s have been making promises to start manufacturing of the raw material but any significant development in the regard h as not been made due to non availability of raw material and some fiscal anomalies. According to the ministry of health about 80% of the countries druid needs of nit by local production

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-55455321623109128862011-10-18T10:20:00.001+05:002011-10-18T10:38:56.861+05:00

THE BANK The term “BANK” is derived from an Italian word “BANKO” which means “Bench” that is where people were meet and solve their financial matters. The term bank is being used for a long time yet it has no precise definition. The basic reason is that the banks perform not just one but many types of functions originally the banks were supposed to make short term loans to the traders only. The

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-6555582820849422932011-09-23T21:41:00.001+05:002011-10-18T10:39:16.390+05:00

Note: After reviewing this feasibility report, KFC Multan actually introduced Brownies for the first time. Therefore this project report became successful. You can now find Brownies in in KFC menu. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Restaurant business is one of the oldest known to man and to a large extent is still an art and will remain so in future. System and practices make the job of managing a hotel or

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-77744862784862554492011-09-20T11:57:00.001+05:002011-09-20T12:15:09.329+05:00

About PARCO PARCO Means Energy Incorporated in Pakistan in May 1974, as a public limited company, Pak-Arab refinery limited (PARCO) is a joint venture between the Government of Pakistan and Abu Dhabi. Its authorized capital is Rs.5 billion and a paid-up capital of Rs2.16 billion of which 60% is held by Government of Pakistan (GOP), and 40% by Abu Dhabi Petroleum Investment Company (ADPI). In

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-81375022960239524942011-09-20T11:35:00.001+05:002011-09-20T11:45:31.562+05:00

Introduction When the Graham bell invented the telephone, perhaps he himself was unaware of the potential of the telephonic. A tiny desire of talking to each other through a distance has now grown up to a whole New World of doing complete business and transacting with each other all over the globe. The power of these interconnected telephone lines is the major reason for what we say the world is

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-25523682229340701502011-09-20T11:22:00.001+05:002011-09-20T11:23:44.884+05:00

Preamble OF THE COMPANY How it all began Just months after man’s first landing on the moon in 1969, DHL begins operating the first international door-to-door express delivery service in the world. It all started out of chance in a local food store of San Francisco. The idea came out during the meeting of two friends Mr. Adrain Dalsey and Mr. Larry Hillblom in July 1969. Dalsey was a sales

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-47498349002548476552011-09-20T11:16:00.001+05:002011-09-20T11:23:04.127+05:00

PREFACE Management Science is very highly a practical oriented program. Theories learned in classroom are applied in the market. That is why reports and assignment are essential and integral part of this programme. The research reports are the core activity in the subject of “Business Research Method”. Through this research report, we collect the different facts and figures, which enhance our

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-42345256606492596062011-09-20T11:06:00.001+05:002011-09-20T11:24:24.110+05:00

Please fill in the fields with appropriate answers Name: _______________________________________ Designation: __________________________________ Highest qualification: ____________________________ Marital Status: _________________________________ Gender: ______________________________________ How long you have been employed in to this Bank (years)? ______________ Did you plan for this

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-30518516542571191682011-08-21T10:41:00.001+05:002011-08-21T10:52:34.818+05:00

The Story Behind “The Nest” “It must be possible to recognize my product at a glance. The ‘nest’ is not just my trade mark, it is also my goal of aims.” Henri Nestlé Founder of the Nestlé Company The above was the response of Henri Nestlé to one of his British agents who had suggested to him in 1869 to replacement of his trademark—the nest—with the Swiss cross. By refusing to comply Nestlé

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Nestle – Introduction The Nestle History Nestlé S.A., the present Switzerland based international food group, originally consisted of companies and two products: Henri Nestle and his baby food in Vevey, and the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company and its condensed milk in Cham, both in Switzerland. In 1866 the Page Brothers from the United States set up a new industry in Cham, making condensed

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-58998239237059046452011-08-21T10:31:00.001+05:002011-08-21T10:52:59.808+05:00

Industry Analysis The Livestock Sector contributes 9.4 per cent to GDP and 39 per cent towards agriculture. Dairy is one of the vital sub-sectors of Livestock Sector and holds tremendous growth and export potential. It forms an important component of Pakistan’s economy and supports around 5.5 million rural families. The dairy sector thrives on huge investment base of around one trillion rupees

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-59891777345482820202011-08-20T08:39:00.003+05:002011-08-21T10:52:08.973+05:00

Preface This project of Research methodology comprises of the organizational conflicts in Nestle. This Organization is serving our economy from a number of years and proved to be a main contributor in the national income. This organization is performing marvelous from number of years but there is no organization which is without any conflicts. In our research study we concentrated on the

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-61811556645046151802011-08-20T08:17:00.001+05:002011-08-20T08:17:26.701+05:00

SME Definition There is no single uniform definition of SMEs applicable across the board in Pakistan. Different departments and organizations define SMEs in accordance with their functional ease rather than market situation. For example, the SME Bank defines an SME as that which has total assets up to Rs. 20 million whereas a medium scale enterprise may have total assets equaling Rs. 100 million

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-19231276200239175792011-08-19T13:05:00.001+05:002011-08-19T13:12:30.840+05:00

Executive Summary Following privatization, Bank Alfalah emerged as new identity of Habib Credit and Exchange Bank with a revived purpose and commitment. Charged with the strength of Abu Dhabi consortium and under the leadership of His Highness Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al-Nayayan, the bank has already made significant contributions in building and strengthening both corporate and retail banking

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-34465265734753318992011-08-19T12:54:00.001+05:002011-08-19T13:11:45.650+05:00

WHAT IS THE STOCK EXCHANGE? In simple words: The stock exchange provides a market place where shares can be bought and sold. There are many ways to define stock exchange. Few of them are as follows: An organized marketplace where members gather to trade securities. Members may act either as agents for customers, or as principals for their own accounts. An organized marketplace for securities

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-62506520976490190772011-08-19T12:45:00.001+05:002011-08-21T10:52:08.974+05:00

Pepsi – An Introduction Introduction PepsiCo, Inc., major producer of carbonated soft drinks, other beverages, and snack foods. Its beverage division, Pepsi-Cola Company, bottles and markets several popular brands of soft drinks in the United States and throughout the world. PepsiCo also owns Frito-Lay Company, the leading snack-food maker in the United States. PepsiCo is based in Purchase,

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-49021808369347921732011-08-19T12:32:00.001+05:002011-08-21T10:52:08.976+05:00

Shamim & Company has completed 29 years of its operations. Operations management functions are being successfully implemented by management. A brief summary of operations management functions studied by this group are described below. Product Planning: At present new product decision is taken by the top management. Demand for new product is investigated by production manager- terms of raw

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-3921334982090408872011-08-19T12:05:00.001+05:002011-08-19T12:34:13.237+05:00

INTRODUCTION Nauroz Associates Private Limited is located in the Industrial Area of Mumtazabad, Multan. The company started its working in 1955. Allah Wasaya Textile Mills (ATM) Limited is also located in the Industrial Area of Mumtazabad. And ATM is the main competitor of Nauroz Associates Private Limited. The company deals only in spinning and not in ginning and weaving. Most of the raw

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-12523010394023001502011-08-19T11:57:00.001+05:002011-08-19T11:58:21.707+05:00

INTRODUCTION Al-Ghazi Tractors Ltd. is located in rated among the Top Companies of Pakistan Dera Ghazi Khan, has been The market leader of tractors in Pakistan Al-Ghazi consecutively for the years 1994, 1995 and 1996 by the Karachi Stock Exchange. Al-Ghazi Tractors was conferred the Management Excellence Award by the Management Association of Pakistan for demonstrating the best Corporate

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-32270175528797974802011-08-19T11:47:00.001+05:002011-08-19T11:54:30.949+05:00

Account A record of transactions of goods and services owed to one person by another. Agent An intermediary or person hired to carry out transactions on behalf of another person. Aggregate Demand Total demand in an economy, consisting of government spending, private/consumer and business investment. All or None Refers to requests for a broker to fill an order completely at a

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-22101358192023012682011-08-19T05:11:00.001+05:002011-08-21T10:52:08.977+05:00

Organizational Structure Following table shows different Departments in CCBPL along with their respective functions Department Function Accounts Department To prepare monthly, quarterly and annually Accounts, Costing, Budgeting & Forecasting. To handle payable and

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-78831546832321614282011-08-10T10:18:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:19:23.037+05:00

Executive Summary United Bank Limited (UBL) is one of the largest commercial banks in Pakistan having more than 1,000 branches inside the country and 15 branches outside the country. With almost forty seven years of good standing to its valued clients, it has stood the test of time, producing assets of over Rs. 380 billion. It was established in November 7th, 1959 by Sahgal Group. UBL’s state

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-67567630778206121532011-08-10T10:12:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:20:13.561+05:00

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT QUALITY POLICY AT SIDDIQSONS LTD. The Pakistan Textile Industry - An Overview The textile industry is one of the most important sectors of Pakistan. It contributes significantly to the country’s GDP, exports as well as employment. It is, in fact, the backbone of the Pakistani economy. Established capacity The textile industry of Pakistan has a total established

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-56111709616332858392011-08-10T10:08:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:12:37.450+05:00

Code Of conduct Telenor Pakistan’s activities should serve to illustrate that business success in demanding markets can be achieved without compromising ethical principles or international norms. Our Codes of Conduct have been adopted by the Telenor Board and are a key management tool for influencing all our activities. The Codes of Conduct cover areas that are important for ensuring solid

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-72235529887083226122011-08-10T10:05:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.533+05:00

Standard Chartered today Today Standard Chartered is the world's leading emerging markets bank employing 30,000 people in over 500 offices in more than 50 countries primarily in countries in the Asia Pacific Region, South Asia, the Middle East, Africa and the Americas. The new millennium has brought with it two of the largest acquisitions in the history of the bank with the purchase of

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-53654020211613048822011-08-10T08:58:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:13:16.072+05:00

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EMS - Environmental Management System and Consumer Satisfaction As Pakistan’s largest oil marketing company, Pakistan State Oil, in discharge of its professional duties directly impacts the lives of 2.5 million individuals on a daily basis. However, its vast outreach is not the only measure of PSO’s commitment to the nation. The company consistently goes beyond its

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-35254341472842075952011-08-10T08:45:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:13:16.074+05:00

INTRODUCTION TO PARCO PARCO has now been in existence for more than 30 years. Its corporate voyage through these years has been full of important milestones. In the past 17 years PARCO has grown in size and strength and can look with confidence to a much brighter future. The following account gives a true insight into PARCO's story of success, its trail of achievements and its up-coming

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-51207005809101953332011-08-10T08:33:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.535+05:00

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report portrays an effort to explore the relationship between an organization’s design and structure and the nature of training and development programs of the organizations. This report helps in the understanding of how the structure of an organization affects the development of its employees and vice versa. For the purpose of this example of a real life organization i.e.

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-8653121934521604352011-08-10T08:28:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:15:50.327+05:00

Introduction Unilever is a multi-national corporation, formed of Anglo-Dutch parentage that owns many of the world's consumer product brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. Unilever employs nearly 180,000 people and had worldwide revenue of almost €40 billion in 2005. A hundred and sixty million times a day, someone somewhere chooses a Unilever product. From

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-80169253392425623712011-06-30T20:30:00.001+05:002011-06-30T20:30:04.907+05:00

FOREWORD This report is based on the Human Resource Management implications practiced by Pepsi (Sales Department). The entire report is divided into three Parts. Each Part will discuss in detail the Human Resource Management practices by Pepsi. The First Part will discuss the Planning. The Second Part comprises of the Development and Direction and the Third Part of the report will deal with the

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-38387405090001276012011-06-20T13:05:00.001+05:002011-06-20T21:21:54.491+05:00

Executive Summary I have done my internship in state bank of Pakistan (bsc) Islamabad. As we all know that state bank is the central bank of Pakistan and it controls all the commercial banks which operate in Pakistan. It is a monetary body. It monitors all the commercial banks and maintains and manages the money supply in the country. The reason why I choose this bank is because it is the

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-15999730702976830942011-06-20T12:44:00.001+05:002011-06-20T12:46:24.572+05:00

HISTORY OF THE NIB BANK: NIB Bank Limited started as NDLC-IFIC Bank Ltd. which was incorporated in March 2003 as a public limited company. It started operations in October 2003 when all assets, liabilities, rights and obligations of the former National Development Leasing Corporation (NDLC) and Pakistan operations of IFIC were amalgamated with and into the bank with a paid up capital of Rs.1.2bn

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-86766796023692735012011-06-20T12:41:00.001+05:002011-06-20T12:46:40.105+05:00

WHAT IS ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-6540719363979362762011-06-20T12:31:00.001+05:002011-06-20T12:32:55.014+05:00

ABSTRACT The health sector of any country occupies a very crucial position in its well-being. Today, every organization in the corporate sector is trying to cope with the changing demands of time, management, work practices and employee behavior. In such a competitive and demanding scenario, it becomes quite essential for the hospitals and health institutes to take into account the recognized

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-37708583843705528632011-06-20T12:29:00.001+05:002011-06-20T12:33:27.169+05:00

Feasibility for Production of BioFuel Ethanol from Sugarcane in Pakistan 1. Introduction a. Nature of Business i. Fuel Ethanol Ethanol fuel is an alternative to gasoline. It can be combined with gasoline in any concentration up to pure ethanol (E100). Anhydrous ethanol, that is, ethanol without water, can be blended with gasoline in varying quantities to reduce the consumption of

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-64755764435389720462011-06-20T12:20:00.001+05:002011-06-20T12:25:05.547+05:00

Day Care Mission Statement To be a "trend setter" in providing an affordable, quality child care, giving parents the opportunity to be self-supporting, contributing, and involved members of the community, while providing their children with developmentally-appropriate learning experiences in a safe, healthy, nurturing environment. The employees to be committed and as responsible as possible to

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Automobile industry The auto market is one of the largest segments in world trade. The annual size of automotive export trade in the world has grown to a massive level of over US$ 600 billion, which accounts for about 10 per cent of the world export. Changing models, improving fuel efficiency, cutting costs and enhancing user comfort without compromising quality are the most important

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-53235398785493732052011-06-20T08:17:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:20:13.562+05:00

TERM REPORT OPERATIONS AND PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT MAHMOOD GROUP OF INDUSTRIES: MAHMOOD COTTON MILLS Letter of Transmittal 26th May 25, 2011 Mr. Teacher: Operation and production management Dear Sir, We are pleased to submit this report on Mahmood Cotton Mills, part of Mahmood Group of Industries. This report is submitted as a term report for the 6th semester of BBA.

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-29563070126605585152011-05-03T21:54:00.002+05:002011-05-03T21:56:40.031+05:00

Introduction to ExportsTo Export means to sell in another country. This involves complex procedures, including filing and exchange of documents, both in the country of Export (from where items are to be shipped/dispatched) and in the country of Import (where these items are to be discharged/delivered). The requirement of documentation arises due to the fact that the items that are exported are to

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Banking is one of the most sensitive businesses all over the world. Banks play very important role in the economy of a country and Pakistan is no exemption. Banks are custodian to the assets of the general masses. The banking sector plays a significant role in a contemporary world of money and economy. It influences and facilitates many different but integrated economic activities like resources

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-77352117737598680932011-05-03T21:25:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.536+05:00

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As a concept and organizational practice Human Resource Management (HRM) has become central in recent years. Both private and public companies have recognized that in administering human resources efficiency, competence, and flexibility are close interrelated. But despite the success of targeting HRM efforts, the field is characterized by a series of dilemmas and paradoxes

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-52571622969974317762011-05-03T21:21:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.538+05:00

Executive Summary Human Resource is an area, which has proved its worth in the history of business world. The organizations that opt it at very earlier stage and implement innovative and effective techniques get their reward in the form of high performance and marvelous growth. Darwin’s doctrine of ‘survival of the fittest’ is valid in the business world too and the organizations that want to

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-69204347396725333642011-05-03T21:11:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.539+05:00

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The role and impact of Information Technology (IT) on the human resource functions has been both pervasive and profound. A recent IBM-Towers Perrin study, “Priorities for comparative advantages,” noted that IT can be a potent weapon for lowering administrative costs, increasing productivity, speeding response time, improving decision making, and enhancing customer service.

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-5219167930008080722011-05-03T21:04:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.541+05:00

INTRODUCTION TO TOPIC(Recruitment and selection)Human resource recruitment refers to any organizational activity that is designed to effect ,1)the number of people who apply for vacancies,2) the type of people who apply for them and/or, 3) the likelihood that those applying for vacancies will accept position if offered. The goal of any organization recruitment program is to ensure that the

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-28384272315554317652011-05-03T21:03:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.543+05:00

Executive Summary The increasing trend of globalization in the past two decades has moved companies outside their domestic operation into the international markets. This dramatic change in international businesses require dynamic workforce, as such, challenge managers, face complex issues of managing people to gain or sustain a competitive advantage. Some of key issues need heed. There will be

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-44899831549032129622011-05-03T20:48:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.545+05:00

Introduction of National Fertilizer Corporation (NFC) Islamic republic of Pakistan and state of Abu Dhabi, the two Muslim countries, agreed to establish a joint venture for contributing to Pakistan economy. Both the governments on November 15, 1972 to further strengthen the brotherly relations concluded a protocol. Subsequently a memorandum of understanding was executed between West Pakistan

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-946655860682581302011-05-03T20:42:00.002+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.546+05:00

WHAT IS INSURANCEFORECASTING IS HARD, PARTICULARLY WHEN IT IS ABOUT FUTURE:Life is the name of uncertainty and risk. We are quite sure about our present and past but God knows what our future will be. Therefore people living in the society have to device some way to reduce this uncertainty and risk.People suffer not only mentally but also financially. Financial crises are so bad that they can

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-21970403606343479832011-05-03T20:35:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.548+05:00

British American Tobacco: British American Tobacco is the world’s most international tobacco company with an impressive market position in Latin America and a robust position in all the other regions including America pacific, Asia-Pacific, Europe and Africa and Middle East (AME).for 100 years, British American Tobacco has been building an international reputation for producing high quality

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-39016754814395327502011-05-03T20:32:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.550+05:00

INTRODUCTION The management is defined as the process of getting activities completed efficiently and effectively with through other people. The number of external effects the management and internal factors such as... Aesthetics Attitude and belief Religion Material culture Education Language Societal organization These above-mentioned factors are discussed in this

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Executive Summary GSK Profile GlaxoSmithKline is a leading multinational pharmaceutical organization with 7% market share worldwide and 15% market share in Pakistan. GSK holds largest field force (786) in Pakistan and 40 in Multan. Company has annual turnover of Rs.7.5 Billion in Pakistan. In 2003 GSK is grew faster than the market. So we selected GlaxoSmithKline for our report of Human

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-20740323182052759852011-05-03T20:14:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:20:13.564+05:00

Ratio Analysis of SUNRAYS TEXTILE MILLS LIMITED   Industry Overview: Textile is the most important industry in Pakistan. It accounts for approximately 40 percent of manufacturing employment, over 60 percent of total exports, and over 30 percent of value-added production. Pakistan's textile industry, based on locally grown cotton, produces cotton yarn, cotton cloth, and made-up textiles and

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-22347267672667194042011-05-03T20:04:00.001+05:002011-05-03T20:18:16.769+05:00

Bata Ratio Analysis Bata Pakistan Limited Brief Introduction Bata Pakistan Limited is incorporated in Pakistan as a Public Limited company and is engaged in the manufacturing of footwear. Bata Pakistan Limited having its registered office at BATA, G.T. Road Lahore and factories at Maraka, Multan Road Lahore and Bata Lahore with its Liaison office at Mai Kolachi By-pass, Karachi. It is also

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-79059590892412417582011-05-03T19:57:00.001+05:002011-05-03T20:01:29.841+05:00

The telecommunication sector around the world has been undergoing dramatic reforms since the 1980s. Developing countries have been privatizing state-owned firms and slowly introducing competition into the telecom sector. In general, privatization, especially when combined with effective regulatory institutions, improves telecom service. However, we have almost no empirical information

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-56273790463696761832011-04-30T08:26:00.001+05:002011-04-30T08:46:27.841+05:00

Executive Summary Back Ground: The purpose of this study was to reveal the factors that affect people’s choice of a hospital (Government or Private). We tried to reveal those factors due to which people think that the Private Hospitals are better than the Government Hospitals. For this purpose we tried to collect people opinion on a number of issues. We tried to find that what Private

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-38925499934007563752011-04-30T08:23:00.001+05:002011-04-30T08:49:33.626+05:00

PREFACE The person holding a MBA degree must have a sound knowledge of some practical know how. That’s why every student of MBA class is sent to some organiation where he/ she acquaints himself/ herself with practical aspects of studies. In order to meet this requirment and as per requirment of assignment, We select Nishter Hospital to measure the “ Satisfaction Level of Patients in Government

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-15016913453049288672011-04-27T19:13:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.553+05:00

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Pakistan is attempting to restructure the electric power sector to catch up and keep pace with the gigantic strides the power utility business has made during the 20th century. The World is moving towards an integrated electric power system. Electricity is produced, traded and sold across international boundaries in many parts of the World. Pakistan has to immediately start

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-50276382006511262652011-04-24T16:39:00.002+05:002011-04-24T16:41:40.436+05:00

Questionnaire DesignQuestionnaires are an inexpensive way to gather data from a potentially large number of respondents. Often they are the only feasible way to reach a number of reviewers large enough to allow statistically analysis of the results. A well-designed questionnaire that is used effectively can gather information on both the overall performance of the test system as well as

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-87411069275099622422011-04-24T16:34:00.001+05:002011-04-30T08:46:27.844+05:00

Executive Summary Our research started with the state of problem and quick overview of the problem that “why people are still not friendly towards the laser technology being there for the cure of sightedness disorder and technically known as Excimer Laser Surgery. Overview of the Problem We are fortunate enough of having encounter with such magnificent technologies which are minimizing al the

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-54351953325157412972011-04-24T16:22:00.001+05:002011-04-24T16:30:07.218+05:00

RESEARCH PROPOSAL LETTER OF REQUEST The Director, Pak.Telecommunication, Karachi. Contact No: XXXXX Email: XXXXX The researcher, Institute Of Management Sciences, Multan. Email: XXXXX Subject: To Check The Acceptability Of Phone Cards In Multan Region In this era of fast communication, every sun rises with a new technique of contact. In the last decade a new trend emerged in

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-34930628428921357362011-04-24T16:13:00.001+05:002011-04-24T16:30:07.220+05:00

INTRODUCTION Atlas Auto Limited manufactures and markets Honda Motorcycle under a technical assistance agreement with Honda Motorcycle Company LTD. Of Japan. An epoch-making event in the history of the company cementing of Atlas Honda relation with Honda Motorcycle Company LTD. Of Japan becoming as equity-holder in Atlas in 1988. Due to the suitability wide range and high quality of the product

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-35269582067870661962011-04-24T16:06:00.001+05:002011-04-24T16:30:07.223+05:00

Literature Review Milk Market in Pakistan Milk market consists of highly sensitive market because milk is a food item. The packed and unpacked milk come under perishable food market. In Pakistan 20 billion litre of milk is produced out of which only 0.6% is packed milk and 99.4% is unpacked milk, which is sold by gawalas. So there great potential exists in our country for packed milk. In the

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-76104251523350692202011-04-24T15:51:00.001+05:002011-04-24T16:30:07.225+05:00

Analysis of questionnaire Detergent market Before making the analysis of detergent, following are the major characteristics of our respondents, which include their mean age, region etc. These thing are important to understand because these determine the type and nature of our respondent and the area to which they belong and these will be helpful in understanding the differences among their

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-73368959561044871802011-04-23T14:10:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:20:13.566+05:00

Introduction To Mahmood Group Of Industries The Group is in cotton business for the last 50 years. The projects include five Spinning Units, Two Weaving Units, Captive Power Project, Number of cotton Ginning Factories composite with Oil Mills, Leather Tanning Unit, a company for trading operations, Agricultural & Fruit Farms. The total turn over of Mahmood Group is around Rs.4 Billion (US$: 70

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-46934696842784833382011-04-23T13:59:00.001+05:002011-04-23T14:13:29.604+05:00

Some Facts and Suggestions Dr.Arshad Zaman and Iffat Ara * As elsewhere, in Pakistan too, urban population has been growing over the period. Presently, almost 33 percent of the total population resides in the urban areas. Although the urban population has not increased to the extent it was projected, the 1998 Population Census reveals that a large number of earlier rural communities now are

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-36308612381668858162011-04-23T13:42:00.001+05:002011-04-23T13:45:57.097+05:00

It is an inventory strategy implemented to improve the return on investment of a business by reducing in-process inventory and its associated costs. The process is driven by a series of signals, or Kanban (看板, Kanban that tell production processes when to make the next part.) Kanban are usually 'tickets' but can be simple visual signals, such as the presence or absence of a part on a shelf. When

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-53123167115378798582011-04-23T13:37:00.001+05:002011-04-23T13:39:13.332+05:00

Currency A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of goods and services. It is a form of money, where money is an efficient medium of exchange, and it is also considered by several people as a store of value, created through a claim to its central bank assets. A currency zone is a country or region in which a specific currency is the dominant medium of exchange. To facilitate

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-66492788120909708692011-04-23T12:55:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:20:13.567+05:00

Importance of textile industry According to the “ECONOMIST” intelligence report of Pakistan the following observations have been made: Despite Government efforts to diversify exports and widen the industrial base, the industrial sector remains dominated by the Textile sector by having 426 mills. Textile Sector still represents 46% of total manufacturing and provides 62% of Pakistan’s Export

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-67288094067460132252011-04-23T12:32:00.001+05:002011-04-23T12:36:03.910+05:00

Pepsi Cola International Pepsi Cola Company includes in beverages industry. Pepsi Cola international is well reputed multinational company which is doing its business in almost every country of the world. The company is registered in New York stock exchange U.S.A. to make a better control over the business the company has given the manufacturing rights to different companies. Now these companies

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-33651254385156948482011-04-23T12:25:00.002+05:002011-08-19T12:19:06.416+05:00

INTRODUCTION Packages Limited was established in 1957 as a joint venture between the Ali Group of Pakistan and Akerlund & Rausing of Sweden, to convert paper and board into packaging for consumer industry. Over the years, the Company continued to enhance its facilities to meet the growing demand of packaging products. Additional capital was raised from sponsors, International Finance

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-14686204209952301032011-04-23T10:57:00.001+05:002011-04-23T10:59:18.751+05:00

HISTORY OF NESTLE The key factor which drove the early history of the enterprise that would become The Nestlé Company was Henri Nestlé's search for a healthy, economical alternative to breastfeeding for mothers who could not feed their infants at the breast. In the mid-1860s Nestlé, a trained pharmacist began experimenting with various combinations of cow's milk, wheat flour and sugar in an

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-54786009777217348072011-04-23T10:50:00.001+05:002011-04-23T10:59:18.756+05:00

Purpose Of Assignment Being the students of promotion management (marketing course), we have to analyze the promotional strategies in practical way. For this purpose we have chosen “Packed Milk Group” of “Nestlē”. The basic purpose of this report was to get knowledge about the promotional techniques used by “Nestlē” for its packed milk group. For this purpose we have chosen three products.

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-57977165446372943412011-04-22T14:56:00.001+05:002011-04-22T14:59:27.408+05:00

Executive Summary Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. While strategy is the action plan to do something and hence, Marketing Strategy is the managerial process of developing and maintaining a viable fit between the organization’s

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-27298272736807731922011-04-22T14:05:00.001+05:002011-04-22T14:37:43.640+05:00

Company Introduction ICI was formed on December 7, 1926, by the merger of the four of largest chemical companies in the U.K. Its first purpose was to create British company capable of competing in World markets with the large corporation in America and in Germany. The four companies that merged were burner, Mond Company limited, Noble Industries Limited, British Dyestuffs Corporation Limited and

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-55620533344985797042011-04-22T13:15:00.001+05:002011-04-22T13:18:11.113+05:00

TEN MARKETING STEPS As the old saying goes, “If you don’t know where you’re going, you won’t get there.” Just as a sailor needs to use a compass to navigate his/her way, so too must entrepreneurs who must continually market their services to current and prospective clients. This is particularly important in today’s uncertain economy. As an independent communications consultant, I know it’s

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-41924707995338516072011-04-22T13:13:00.001+05:002011-04-22T13:18:11.117+05:00

TEN MARKETING TOOLS Looking to grow your business? Make sure you have these marketing tools in place: #10 A Powerful Tagline: In 10 words or less, a good tagline reinforces a company’s reason for being. And smaller companies will find it to be one of the hardest working tools. To get one, first boil down to a single sentence, the benefits of doing business with your company. Then, take

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-30277121954103594572011-04-22T13:06:00.001+05:002011-04-22T13:10:28.519+05:00

ALLIANCES AND MERGER The assignment that has been assigned to us on alliances and merge, and the company that has been selected is “Daimler Chrysler”. ALLIANCES: 1. When two companies decide to work together but remain as separate entities. It is known as alliances. 2. A close association between companies created for a common objective. Companies will ally to gain access to each other's

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-64210576890617693862011-04-22T13:01:00.001+05:002011-04-22T13:03:59.915+05:00

Preface This assignment gives us the overall picture of decision-making of consumers. We have examined the over all behavior of purchase decision in a comprehensive manner. To collect information, I met different sales peoples from different departmental stores. I have applied my best mental abilities to arrange that information and present it in a good manner so the reader can draw information

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-53167814448777207212011-04-22T12:42:00.001+05:002011-04-22T12:48:55.384+05:00

  CHAPTER ONE HISTORY OF BANKING Evolution Of Banking The Origin of the Word “Bank” Still most of the experts, do not agree upon the word “Bank” i.e. from where and how this word originated. People have different opinions about its origin. Many experts agreed that the word “Bank” is originated from following two words. Bancus Back Bancus Some authors opine that the word “Bank” is

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-10704679682305598152011-04-20T05:18:00.001+05:002011-04-21T23:05:02.250+05:00

Ratio Analysis of Honda Atlas Cars Pakistan (2009)   Global Scenario Auto Industry The automotive industry is considered as an economic heavyweight due to which it has acquired the status of a key sector of the economy for every major country in the world. The annual global turn over of auto industry during the year 2005 remained $2.8 trillion while the size of trade has grown to a massive

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-83066620667409825642011-04-05T11:56:00.002+05:002011-04-21T23:03:51.748+05:00

HISTORY OF OIL INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN 1947 At the time of independence there were no more than few companies, it was the case with oil industry. There was no oil refinery in Pakistan except a very small at Rawalpindi. At that time the total requirement of Pakistan was 0.4 million tons. There were four foreign and one local company in Pakistan these were: BURMAH OIL Market petroleum products.

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-53445809052216123562011-04-05T11:46:00.000+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.555+05:00

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN PRACTICE A CASE STUDY OF STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN By: Dr. Ishrat Husain I am happy to address this august gathering of Human Resource Professionals. I had two options this morning. The first was to repeat the clichés and platitudes about the importance of human resource management in economic development and for organizational effectiveness. But considering that

Qadeer Ahmad Janjuanoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-88299469341426830392011-03-29T09:37:00.005+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.557+05:00

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis project has been undertaken in order to highlight the Human Resource Practices of “Ufone”. It’s all about YOU its all about “Ufone”, a company very highly spoken of these days. A company paying more attention to its customer’s delights rather then the customer’s satisfaction. Ufone is a company starting from scratch and has shown utmost performance in the last seven years.

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-84112193371305565092011-03-29T09:37:00.002+05:002011-03-29T09:37:13.756+05:00

Stressors for a Student Academics work load Time management Projects, presentations and assignments Roommate conflicts for hostel residents Financial issues Relationships (friendships with opposite gender) Exams Uncertainty about the future Competition and race among fellow students Conflict and pressure from teachers and superiors Strategies for coping up with Stress Work out, exercise and

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-41739555573724444312011-03-25T09:00:00.001+05:002011-03-25T09:01:06.103+05:00

Introducing Knorr Pasta Term Paper on the Launch Strategy of Knorr Pasta Background This report forms the launch plan for Knorr Instant Pasta in the Pakistani urban market. The launch plan has been constructed as an academic project for the course titled “Principles of Marketing.” The plan contains our views on the overall product concept and proposition, the product’s target

Ahmadnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-77691049119693067192011-02-08T17:28:00.002+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.558+05:00

Abstract This paper examines the impact of HR practices on employee performance in Habib Bank Limited. The reason we investigated the impact of HR practices (Compensation Practices, Promotion Practices and Performance Evaluation Practices) in Habib Bank Limited in order to evaluate the performance of their employees. A number of researchers have established the relationship between HR practices

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-52846191175465798502011-02-08T17:21:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.560+05:00

BRIEF HISTORY OF BANK ALFALAH LIMITED Bank Alfalah Limited was incorporated in June 21st, 1997 as a public limited company under the Companies Ordinance 1984. Its banking operations commenced from November 1st ,1997. The bank is engaged in commercial banking and related services as defined in the Banking companies ordinance 1962. The Bank is currently operating through 45 branches in 21

adminnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-40508007193303643512011-02-08T17:07:00.002+05:002011-08-10T10:20:13.569+05:00

EVOLUTION OF TEXTILE Every body knows that three basic needs of human being are food, shelter and cloth. Cloth has its own importance in the life of human being. The desire of hiding shame was felt by the Adam and Eve when they were pushed to the earth from the Heaven. The history of cotton textile is also, to some extent, the history of civilization. Any body can not give the exact date of

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-83130551985269613642011-02-08T07:16:00.003+05:002011-02-08T07:27:31.532+05:00

What UniLever is? Unilever is dedicated to meeting the everyday needs of people everywhere. Around the world UniLever foods and home and personal care brands are chosen by many millions of individual consumers each day. Earning their trust, anticipating their aspirations and meeting their daily needs are the tasks of UniLever local companies. They bring to the service of their consumers the best

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-39328395065649208252011-02-07T18:09:00.001+05:002011-08-10T10:20:13.571+05:00

Brief History of The Evolution of Textile Textiles, which developed along with the history of human beings, is related closely to the human life. It was mostly used in the clothing field with the natural textiles, but artificial textures are according to the ancient remains data, the human beings used leaves or animals skins for the protection of their body about 10,000 years ago, and it is

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-18302207182852904462011-02-06T07:43:00.001+05:002011-02-06T07:44:19.402+05:00

Abstract Following the financial crisis that broke in the US and other Western economies in late 2008, there is now serious concern about its impact on the developing countries including Pakistan. No doubt about that there are particular countries that will be adversely affected, there will also be countries that may be less affected, may avoid recession, and may recover sooner than expected.

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-35707114347147890292011-02-04T09:02:00.001+05:002011-02-04T09:03:00.968+05:00

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is capital provided by a foreign direct investor, either directly or through other related enterprises, where the foreign investor is directly involved in the management of the enterprise. Development of a new business or acquisition of at least 10% interest in a domestic company or a tangible assets, (purchase of bond & stock). “Foreign direct investment is the

adminnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-31650459921075744072011-02-04T08:55:00.003+05:002011-08-10T10:22:07.562+05:00

In this paper, I argue that because nonprofit organizations rely disproportionately on intrinsically motivated employees, they provide a particularly interesting context for examining the relationship between wage dispersion and employee motivation. If certain hypotheses put forth in the literature on psychology and employee motivation are correct, then wage dispersion should be less apparent in

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-5744392248671317662011-02-02T10:00:00.001+05:002011-02-02T10:01:38.964+05:00

Muhammad Arif (Joint Director Financial Markets Strategy and Conduct Department State Bank of Pakistan muhammad.arif@sbp.org.pk) Abstract Purpose of this paper is to highlight those areas that are essential for developing bond market in Pakistan. Recommendations have also been provided for apprehending the steps required for development of this segment of financial market. 1. Introduction

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-82796017039923211722011-02-02T09:35:00.001+05:002011-02-02T10:01:38.966+05:00

During the month of May’08 Pakistan Inter-bank and Kerb forex markets witnessed a sharp decline in Pak Rupee value versus US$. Despite the Central Bank’s intervention and some regulatory steps, Pak Rupee continuously losing its value. Under a floating FX rate system, the exchange rate decline is expected & a necessary component of the adjustment mechanism. There are so many factors that cause

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-6675907659800163852011-02-02T09:30:00.001+05:002011-02-02T09:33:46.405+05:00

Asma Salman a, Hui Xiao Feng b School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Province, China asmaiqbal@yahoo.com a, xfhui@hit.edu.cn b Abstract In a capital-poor country like Pakistan, FDI can emerge as a significant vehicle to build up physical capital, create employment opportunities, develop productive capacity, enhance skills of local labor through transfer of

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-25721353167669913782011-02-02T09:21:00.001+05:002011-02-02T09:33:46.407+05:00

Economic Review, April, 1995 by Mohammed Ejaz Saboor In Pakistan there are a number of financial instruments which are traded in the capital market. Before the discussion is extended to the topic a brief description is necessary about the financial market. These are of two types: (1) Primary Market, is one in which new financial claims are issued, (2) Secondary Market, is one in which

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-18118185054707795492011-02-02T09:20:00.001+05:002011-02-02T09:33:46.409+05:00

ISHRAT HUSAIN (Governer State Bank of Pakistan) Most media reports, editorials, commentators and talk show experts vehemently assert that growth in Pakistan is consumption led and fuelled by bank credit. If they are right then the latest data available is indeed very intriguing. Gross fixed capital formation during 2005-06 was Rs.1.42 trillion – an increase of 30.7 % over last year. This was

adminnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5956563483849053115.post-82216427376484211032011-02-02T09:18:00.001+05:002011-02-02T09:33:46.411+05:00

What are bonds? A bond is way of describing a company or government borrowing money - they are a form of IOU. Investors lend money to a company for a fixed period and it pays them a return for doing so. In recent years, returns from bonds have been very poor; often paying less than you could get on a good savings account. A year ago, a cursory glance at the performance tables for UK corporate

adminnoreply@blogger.com0